[Loader maintenance] Daily inspection of loader maintenance content strategy
Loader maintenance content guide
The transmission is one of the important transmission components of the wheel loader, it is responsible for passing the speed and torque of the engine to the final transmission system, changing the transmission ratio between the engine and the wheel, realize the loader forward and backward gear operation, and can cut off the power transmitted to the walking device under the operation of the engine, to meet the needs of the loader operation and driving, and facilitate the engine start and parking safety.
However, in the process of loader work, the failure rate caused by the gearbox due to improper use and maintenance has been high, especially the maintenance procedures are not strictly observed in the use, the lack of timely inspection and daily maintenance, will accelerate the damage and fault formation of the gearbox, and even expand the harm of the fault consequences.
Purpose of preventive maintenance
1. Through the tracking and check of the loader operation, stop systematically and make the maintenance and repair arrangements of the gearbox.
2. Prevent major mechanical faults and damage to related parts, and repair them before the fault germination, so as to save a lot of maintenance costs.
3. Make the whole machine components have a long service life, improve the efficiency of the equipment platform, and maintain good working performance.
4. Reduce the maintenance difficulty and workload.
Loader maintenance precautions are complete
1. Master the operation specifications of the loader
For the loader operator, he should master the operation skills of the equipment, correctly operate the loader in accordance with the safety technical specifications, and truly do the "three understand" (understand the construction, understand the principle, understand the performance), and the "four will" (will use, will maintain, will check, will eliminate the general faults).Not only will you open the equipment, but also understand that the equipment will check and maintain the equipment, so as to ensure that the service life of the loader is longer.
2. Reduce the environmental impact on the loader
There are many users who will ignore the impact of environmental climate on loader life.It is well known to all that most of the construction machinery and equipment are open-air operations. According to the different projects, the work site will also change, and the equipment is vulnerable to the temperature, environment, climate and other factors of the site.If it is a long-term fixed site work machinery, it is best to have a stop machine room (shed), or use the upper cover, so as to reduce the damage caused by the sun and rain as much as possible.Therefore, according to the climate environment, should be taken the corresponding machine protection measures.
3. Do not ignore the maintenance due to the tight construction period
The construction unit should not ignore the importance of maintenance because of the tight construction period, regardless of the maintenance of the construction machinery, mistakenly think that the equipment as long as the normal operation without big failure, can rest easy; not timely maintenance will produce great hidden dangers, there are many big accidents, are so accumulated, the real accident is too late, therefore, can not forget the maintenance of the loader.
4. Adopt appropriate maintenance methods
Can not wait until you have to repair, to repair the loader, when the fault is found should eliminate the fault in time for repair.Maintenance practice can use the following methods: one is the parts transposition, many parts on the construction machinery, such as bulldozers, excavator track pin, diesel cylinder sleeve, etc., often bear one-way load in operation, resulting in uneven wear, if timely replace the position of the unbalanced load parts, make their wear balance, its service life can be extended.Second, the use of advanced brush plating and adhesive repair technology, can also quickly and low cost to repair invalid parts, such as wear resistance welding, coating diamond electroplating coating, magnetic electroplating, laser electroplating, etc.
5. Use qualified accessories and oil products
In the maintenance of the loader, the replacement of spare parts can not blindly figure cheap, replace inferior parts products, this is very harmful to do the equipment, the probability of later failure will increase.There is also that when replacing the oil, hydraulic oil, gear oil and other oil products, you must also choose a suitable loader model of oil products, can not replace the cheap low-quality oil products.
Common faults and causes of the wheel loader gearbox
1. When hanging in the gear, do not enter the gear position smoothly.
The reasons are:
(1) Pressure valve pressure is too low;
(2) Poor hydraulic pump operation and poor seal;
(3) Hydraulic pipeline blockage;
(4) Clutch seal ring is damaged and leaked;
(5) The hanging gear valve lever is not in place.
2. When the transmission speed, the gear can not be removed.The reasons are:
(1) The piston ring expands to death;
(2) Burn down the clutch friction plate;
(3) Clutch return spring fails or damaged;
(4) Return oil pipeline is blocked.
3. Has been put in gear, but the loader operation is weak, and can not even walk.
The reasons are:
(1) The friction sheet has serious wear and too large clearance;
(2) The clutch automatic emptying valve seal is not tight to reduce the pressure;
(3) Shift shift control valve line is blocked;
(4) The cut-off valve cannot be reset;
(5) The variable valve positioning the spring tired or broken and the steel ball beats;
(6) Clutch piston ring, seal ring wear, serious leakage.
4. Operating pressure is too low.
The reasons are:
(1) Insufficient oil amount of the gearbox oil pan;
(2) Oil leakage of the main oil pipeline;
(3) Transmission filter is blocked;
(4) Damage to the steering pump (or hydraulic pump), causing serious internal leakage;
(5) Improper pressure adjustment of the transmission pressure regulating valve;
(6) The retaining pressure valve spring fails or breaks.
5. Transmission automatic transmission or scrambling.
The reasons are:
(1) The failure of the gear shift control valve positioning device, the main reason is the serious wear of the positioning steel ball, or the spring failure; (2) Due to the long-term use of the shift control lever, the position and length of the rod change, the rod proportion is inaccurate, making the operation position deviation, resulting in dislocation.
How to conduct the preventive maintenance of the gearbox
1. According to JB / Z194-83 and the actual maintenance, the following provisions:
(1) Daily maintenance: check the oil low shell oil level;
(2) 50 hours (or weekly): check whether the variable speed control handle is flexible and effective;
(3) 250 hours (only after the first 250 hours of work): clean the transmission oil pan and the transmission oil filter element;
(4) 500 hours: Clean the oil pan filter and replace the transmission oil fluid;
(5) 2000 hours: Check and overhaul the gearbox and torque converter disassembly.
Therefore, in the process of daily use to strengthen the loader gearbox fault prevention and daily maintenance is very necessary, so not only can reduce the low work efficiency caused by shutdown maintenance, delayed hours, at the same time can prevent and avoid the occurrence of greater follow-up failure, reduce maintenance costs, improve the safety of the machine.